A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to closely examine the inside of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. Often recommended as a routine screening for individuals over 45, a colonoscopy plays a vital role in the prevention, diagnosis, and even treatment of various digestive tract issues.

In this blog, you will learn who may need a colonoscopy, how to prepare for it, and what to expect during the procedure.

Why Would You Need a Colonoscopy?

There are three main reasons why your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy:

1. Screening
   Colonoscopies are commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer, especially in adults aged 45 and older. They help detect polyps—small growths in the colon—that could potentially turn into cancer if left untreated.
2. Diagnosis
   If you’re experiencing symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or unusual changes in bowel movements, a colonoscopy can help identify the cause.
3. Treatment
   A colonoscopy isn’t just for diagnosis—it can also be used for treatment. During the procedure, doctors can remove polyps, stop bleeding, or take tissue samples (biopsies) for further testing.

Preparation for a Colonoscopy

1. Dietary Restrictions
   A few days before the procedure, your doctor may recommend a low-fibre diet. This typically means avoiding foods like nuts, seeds, raw fruits and vegetables, and whole grains to make the colon easier to cleanse.
2. Medication Adjustment
   Inform your doctor about any medications you are currently taking. In some cases, especially with blood thinners, you may be advised to stop or adjust them a few days before the colonoscopy.
3. Bowel Preparation
   On the day before your colonoscopy, you’ll need to drink a prescribed bowel-cleansing solution. This helps clear the colon completely for better visibility during the procedure. Following the timing and dosage instructions carefully is very important.

Colonoscopy Procedure Details

1. Pre-Procedure Assessment
   Upon arriving at the hospital or clinic, you’ll complete some paperwork and undergo a quick health check. This usually includes measuring your vital signs and reviewing your medical history.
2. Anesthesia and Sedation
   To help you stay relaxed and comfortable, a sedative will be given before the procedure begins. General anesthesia is rarely needed for routine colonoscopies.
3. Colonoscopy Procedure
   You will lie on your side while the doctor gently inserts a colonoscope—a thin, flexible tube with a camera—into your rectum. This allows them to examine the inside of your colon for any signs of problems like polyps or inflammation.
4. Polyp Removal and Biopsy
   If the doctor finds any polyps or abnormal-looking tissue, they may remove them or take a small sample (biopsy) for further testing.
5. Post-Procedure Recovery
   After the procedure, you’ll rest in a recovery area while the sedation wears off. Mild gas or bloating is normal and usually goes away soon. You’ll need someone to drive you home, as you should avoid driving or using machinery for the rest of the day.

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Key Takeaways

A colonoscopy is a safe and effective way to screen for colorectal cancer, diagnose digestive symptoms, and even treat certain conditions. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many colorectal issues can be managed successfully, improving long-term outcomes and quality of life.