Scoliosis in Adults: Early Signs & When to See a Doctor
Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine. Although it is frequently identified in children and adolescents, adults can also experience scoliosis, which may pose distinct challenges. Prompt identification and appropriate medical treatment are essential for effective management of this condition. This page will examine the initial symptoms of scoliosis in adults and outline the circumstances under which medical consultation is warranted.
Understanding Scoliosis
Scoliosis is defined by an atypical lateral curvature of the spine. This curvature can resemble an “S” or “C” shape and may develop in various segments of the spine, including the cervical (neck), thoracic (upper back), and lumbar (lower back) areas. The degree of scoliosis can range from mild to severe, and its effects on an individual’s life are influenced by factors such as the extent of the curvature, its specific location, and any accompanying symptoms.
Adult scoliosis is classified into two main types:
- Degenerative (De Novo) Scoliosis: This type develops in adulthood due to age-related wear and tear on the spine.
- Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adults: This type originates from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that was either untreated or progressed into adulthood.
Causes of Scoliosis in Adults
The precise origin of scoliosis is not always clear; however, several common factors can lead to its development in adults, including:
- Idiopathic Scoliosis: This is the most prevalent form, characterized by an unknown cause. It typically emerges during adolescence and may continue to progress into adulthood.
- Congenital Scoliosis: This type is present at birth and results from spinal deformities.
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis: This form is linked to conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and spinal cord injuries.
- Degenerative Scoliosis: This type arises from the natural degeneration of the spine, usually occurring later in life but can also begin in young adulthood.
- Trauma or Injury: Incidents or injuries to the spine can result in scoliosis.
- Postural or Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as poor posture, extended periods of sitting, or repetitive stress on the spine may also play a role in the development of curvature.
Early Signs of Scoliosis in Adults
Identifying the initial signs of scoliosis is crucial for prompt treatment. Some of the most prevalent symptoms include:
- Asymmetrical Shoulders: One shoulder may be positioned higher than the other, which can be easily observed while standing or looking in a mirror.
- Irregular Waist or Hips: Differences in hip height or an uneven waistline serve as significant indicators of scoliosis.
- Observable Spinal Curvature: A discernible S- or C-shaped curve in the spine, visible from the back, is a prominent sign.
- Back Discomfort and Rigidity: Experiencing mild to severe back pain, stiffness, and discomfort can be an early indication of scoliosis, especially if it persists.
- Challenges in Maintaining an Upright Posture: Individuals with scoliosis may find it difficult to stand straight, often leaning slightly to one side.
- Asymmetrical Shoulder Blades: One shoulder blade may protrude more than the other when standing in a relaxed position.
- Rib Cage Deformity: A noticeable rib hump may develop, particularly when bending forward.
- Increased Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired or uncomfortable after extended periods of standing or physical activity may suggest the presence of scoliosis.
When to See a Doctor?
If you have concerns about scoliosis or observe any of the symptoms mentioned, it is crucial to seek an evaluation from a healthcare professional. The following scenarios warrant a visit to a doctor:
- Chronic Back Pain: While occasional back pain is typical, ongoing or intensifying pain that does not improve with rest or medication should be evaluated by a specialist.
- Visible Spinal Deformity: If you or someone you know notices an unusual curvature of the spine, it is essential to obtain a medical assessment.
- Breathing Difficulties or Chest Discomfort: Severe cases of scoliosis can affect lung capacity, leading to breathing issues and chest pain.
- Reduced Mobility or Muscle Weakness: If scoliosis impacts your ability to move, limits flexibility, or results in muscle weakness, it is important to seek medical care.
- Worsening Symptoms: If symptoms of scoliosis become more severe over time, a healthcare provider should evaluate the need for treatment.
If you are dealing with any of the above-mentioned symptoms, do not hesitate to contact Dr. Harshal Bamb, a leading scoliosis specialist and Ortho and Spine Surgeon at Gleneagles Hospital in Mumbai, India.
Treatment For Young Adult Scoliosis
If your spinal curvature does not result in pain or restrict movement, treatment may not be necessary. In adults, scoliosis management primarily addresses the symptoms experienced. The approach to treatment is influenced by the severity of pain and the extent to which the condition affects daily life.
Options for managing adult scoliosis may include:
- Monitoring: Your physician will conduct follow-up appointments every few years to assess any progression of the curvature.
- Physical therapy: Engaging in core strengthening exercises can enhance the muscles of the back and abdomen, as well as increase flexibility. Low-impact activities such as swimming may also be beneficial. Your physical therapist might incorporate yoga and stretching into your exercise regimen.
- Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe pain relief medications or suggest over-the-counter options.
- Epidural or nerve block injections can offer significant pain relief when needed.
- Bracing: In adults, braces serve as a temporary solution. Prolonged use of a back brace can lead to weakened core muscles and exacerbate symptoms.
- Smoking cessation plan: Quitting smoking is crucial, as it accelerates spinal degeneration.
- Surgery: Surgical intervention is generally considered a last resort for adult scoliosis. Various surgical techniques are available, including minimally invasive options, aimed at stabilizing the spine, improving balance, and alleviating nerve pressure to reduce pain.
The treatment approach for each individual may vary based on their specific symptoms; however, for patients who have surgery, the recovery period can range from one to six months.
Living with Scoliosis
Managing scoliosis involves making lifestyle adjustments, such as:
- Practicing good posture
- Engaging in regular exercise, particularly low-impact activities like swimming and yoga
- Using ergonomic furniture and proper body mechanics
- Seeking professional guidance for pain management.
Conclusion
Scoliosis in adults can be managed effectively if detected early. Recognizing the early signs and knowing when to seek medical attention can help prevent complications and improve quality of life. If you suspect scoliosis, consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. By staying informed and proactive, adults can successfully manage scoliosis and maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.
