Coronary artery disease (artery blockage) Valvular insufficiency (leaking or regurgitation) Valvular stenosis (blocked or narrowed valves) Congestive heart failure (ineffective heart muscle) Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Left ventricular aneurysm (stretched heart muscle) Thoracic aortic aneurysm (stretched aorta in chest) Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm Aortic dissection (bleeding in the aorta walls) Aorta transaction (a rupture through nearly all aorta layers from trauma, collisions or falls) Atrial fibrillation Mediastinal tumors Tracheobronchial cancer Tracheal stenosis Esophageal cancer and benign conditions of the esophagus